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URLエンコード(UTF-8) : コピー
-%EB%8D%94-

数値文字参照(10進数) : コピー
-더-

数値文字参照(16進数) : コピー
-더-

-더-の説明

Korean Etymology From Middle Korean 더〮 (-té), from Old Korean 如 (*-ta). The Middle Korean suffix (and presumably Old Korean, although data is rather lacking) was quite different in meaning, being closer to a simple imperfective aspect marker; see the Middle Korean entry for more. The shift to the modern nuances is first attested in texts from the late eighteenth century. 던 (-deon, past adnominal marker) preserves the original meaning. Pronunciation IPA(key): [dʌ̹~də~dɯ] Suffix 더 • (-deo-) The retrospective suffix, marking that the speaker (in declaratives) or the addressee (in interrogatives) has personally observed the action/state conveyed by the verb/adjective, or a fact from which the action/state could be inferred; that either this action/state was not taken by the observer, or the observer did not do so purposefully; and that this action/state occurred at a place or time removed from the current conversation. It adds a nuance that one is speaking of the action/state from the subjective viewpoint of an external observer. (parts of northern Gyeongsang or in the adnominal 던 (-deon)) The past imperfective aspect-marking suffix. [in conservative literary style, used up to the early 20th century] Usage notes In Standard Seoul Korean, the suffix only appears fused before certain other suffixes (given in the "Derived terms" section below), to the point that some linguists doubt whether this should be analyzed as a discrete morpheme in the standard variety of Korean. The plain declarative 더라 (deora) is the most common form in which this suffix is encountered. In some dialects of Pyong'an and northern Gyeongsang, the suffix has innovated vowel harmony and appears as 다 (-da-) after yang-vowel stems. Derived terms Related terms See also 으리 (-euri, conjectural marker) Middle Korean Alternative forms 러〮 (-lé) – after certain suffixes; see Usage notes Etymology From Old Korean 如 (*-ta). Pronunciation IPA(key): /tə́/ Suffix 더〮 (-té) An imperfective aspect marker, denoting an action or state in the past which is perceived as continuous, loosely equivalent to English "was [...]ing". When used together with the conjectural suffix 으〮리〮/ᄋᆞ〮리〮 (-úlí/olí-), it is loosely equivalent to English "would be [...]ing". Sometimes somewhat misleadingly called "retrospective" due to conflation with its modern descendant. Usage notes As in the example above, the suffix could designate a purposeful action taken by the speaker in the very conversation itself. Therefore, there were none of the discourse restraints present in the modern suffix. The suffix shifts to 러〮 (-lé-) after the copula 이〮 (í-) or the conjectural suffix 으〮리〮/ᄋᆞ〮리〮 (-úlí/olí-). The suffix merges with the modulating suffix 오〮 (-wó-) to surface as 다〮 (-tá-). The suffix triggers a subsequent declarative suffix 다〮 (-tá) to shift to 라〮 (-lá): 더〮라〮 (-té-lá), not *더〮다〮 (*té-tá). Descendants Korean: 더 (-deo-) See also References 최동주 (2002), “전기 근대국어의 시상체계에 관한 연구 [A study of the tense and aspect system of early Early Modern Korean]”, in Eomunhak, pages 119—152 박부자 (Park Bu-ja) (2018), “시상형태 {더}의 쟁점과 전망 [Points of discussion and prospective developments in the study of the tense/aspect-marking -te-]”, in Gugeosa yeon'gu, volume 27, pages 53—79

Unicode検索結果 - -더-