「抗日戰爭」のUnicode(ユニコード)文字とURLエンコード 0g0.org

URLエンコード(UTF-8) :
%E6%8A%97%E6%97%A5%E6%88%B0%E7%88%AD

URLエンコード(EUC-JP) :
%B9%B3%C6%FC%D9%A5%E0%A7

URLエンコード(Shiff_Jis) :
%8DR%93%FA%9DD%E0%A5

数値文字参照(10進数) :
抗日戰爭

数値文字参照(16進数) :
抗日戰爭

抗日戰爭の説明

Chinese Pronunciation Proper noun 抗日戰爭 Second Sino-Japanese War; War of Resistance against Japan; the Anti-Japanese War 中國人民抗日戰爭紀念雕塑園 [MSC, trad.]中国人民抗日战争纪念雕塑园 [MSC, simp.]Zhōngguó Rénmín Kàngrì Zhànzhēng Jìniàn Diāosùyuán [Pinyin]the Sculpture Garden of the Chinese People's Anti-Japanese War

The Second Sino-Japanese War (1937–1945) or War of Resistance (Chinese term) was a military conflict primarily between the Republic of China and the Empire of Japan. The war made up the Chinese theater of the wider Pacific Theater of the Second World War. The beginning of the war is conventionally dated to the Marco Polo Bridge Incident on 7 July 1937, when a dispute between Japanese and Chinese troops in Peking escalated into a full-scale invasion. Some Chinese historians consider the start of the war as the Japanese invasion of Manchuria on 18 September 1931. China was aided by the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom, the United States, and Nazi Germany before its alliance with Japan. Around 20 million people, mostly civilians, were killed. This full-scale war between China and the Empire of Japan is often regarded as the beginning of World War II in Asia, although some scholars consider the European War and the Pacific War to be entirely separate, albeit concurrent. The Second Sino-Japanese War was the largest Asian war in the 20th century, and it has been called "the Asian holocaust." After the Japanese attacks on Malaya and Pearl Harbor in 1941, the war merged with other conflicts which are generally categorized under the China Burma India Theater of World War II. In 1931, the Mukden Incident was the pretext for the Japanese invasion of Manchuria. The Chinese were defeated and Japan created a new puppet state, Manchukuo; many historians consider this the beginning of the Second Sino-Japanese War. From 1931 to 1937, China and Japan continued to skirmish in small, localized "incidents". Following the Marco Polo Bridge Incident, the Japanese scored major victories, capturing Beijing, Shanghai and the Chinese capital of Nanjing in 1937, which resulted in the Rape of Nanjing. After failing to stop the Japanese in the Battle of Wuhan, the Chinese central government relocated to Chongqing (Chungking) in the Chinese interior. Following the Sino-Soviet Treaty of 1937, strong material support helped the Nationalist Army of China and the Chinese Air Force continue the fierce resistance against the Japanese offensive. By 1939, after Chinese victories in Changsha and Guangxi, and with Japan's lines of communications stretched deep into the Chinese interior, the war reached a stalemate. While Japan ruled the large cities, they lacked sufficient manpower to control China's vast countryside. The Japanese were unable to defeat Chinese Communist Party (CCP) forces in Shaanxi, who waged a campaign of sabotage and guerrilla warfare against the invaders. However Japan ultimately succeeded in the year-long Battle of South Guangxi, occupying Nanning and cutting off the last sea access to the wartime capital of Chongqing. In November 1939, Chinese nationalist forces launched a large scale winter offensive, while in August 1940, CCP forces launched an offensive in central China. The United States supported China through a series of increasing boycotts against Japan, culminating with cutting off steel and petrol exports to Japan in June 1941. Additionally, American volunteers such as the Flying Tigers fought for China directly. In December 1941, Japan launched its surprise attack on Pearl Harbor and started war with the United States. The US increased its flow of aid to China: the Lend-Lease act gave China a total of $1.6 billion ($20.19 billion 2023). With Burma cut off, the US Air Force airlifted material over the Himalayas. In 1944, Japan launched Operation Ichi-Go, the invasion of Henan and Changsha. However, this failed to bring about the surrender of Chinese forces. In 1945, the Chinese Expeditionary Force resumed its advance in Burma and completed the Ledo Road linking India to China. At the same time, China launched large counteroffensives in South China and repulsed a failed Japanese invasion of West Hunan and recaptured Japanese occupied regions of Guangxi. Japan formally surrendered on 2 September 1945, following the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. China was recognized as one of the Big Four Allies during the war, regained all territories lost to Japan, and became one of the five permanent members of the United Nations Security Council. The Chinese Civil War resumed in 1946, with the Chinese Communist Party consequently gaining the upper hand with help from the Soviets, and ultimately ending with a communist victory, which established the People's Republic of China.