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%CF%80%CE%AC%CF%83%CF%87%CF%89

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%A6%D0%8F%A6%F1%A6%D2%A6%D6%A6%D8

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πάσχω

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πάσχω

πάσχωの説明

Ancient Greek Etymology The four principal parts of the verb display the e-grade, o-grade, and zero-grade (πενθ-, πονθ-, παθ- (penth-, ponth-, path-) from Proto-Indo-European *kʷendʰ-, *kʷondʰ-, *kʷn̥dʰ) of the root *kʷendʰ- (“to suffer, endure”). Cognate with Old Irish césaid, Lithuanian kenčiù, pakanta.The present πάσχω (páskhō), like the aorist ἔπαθον (épathon), comes from the zero-grade παθ- (path-), but with the inchoative suffix -σκω (-skō) added *πάθ-σκ-ω (*páth-sk-ō) and subsequent loss of θ (th) before σ (s) and transference of aspiration from θ (th) to κ (k), resulting in χ (kh). The future stem πείσομαι (peísomai) developed from *πενθ-σ-ομαι (*penth-s-omai), from e-grade πενθ- (penth-) with the tense-suffix σ (s), with subsequent cluster simplification νθσ > σ (nths > s) and compensatory lengthening *ε > ει (*e > ei). The future stem πείσω (peísō) of the verb πείθω (peíthō, “persuade”) is identical. Beekes and others have connected the word to Proto-Indo-European *bʰendʰ- (“to bind”) with semantic shift from “to be bound” to “to suffer”. Cognates would then include Ancient Greek πενθερός (pentherós, “father-in-law”). Pronunciation Verb πᾰ́σχω • (páskhō) to undergo, experience (as opposed to acting) (with another person involved) have someone do something to oneself, to be treated a certain way by someone (with ὑπό (hupó) and genitive, sometimes with adverb of manner) (in a negative sense) suffer at someone's hands (law) to suffer a punishment (without a person involved) to experience something, have something happen to one, undergo something to be in a certain situation (with adverb of manner) to feel an emotion or impulse (in negative sense) suffer to be ill or injured in a certain way (with accusative of part affected) Inflection Synonyms (to be in a certain situation): ἔχω (ékhō) Antonyms (undergo): δράω (dráō), ῥέζω (rhézō) Derived terms πᾰ́θη (páthē) πάθησις (páthēsis) πᾰθητός (pathētós) πᾰθητικός (pathētikós) πᾰ́θημα (páthēma) πᾰθηματικός (pathēmatikós) πᾰ́θος (páthos) πᾰθικός (pathikós) πένθος (pénthos) References Further reading “πάσχω”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press “πάσχω”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers “πάσχω”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers πάσχω in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette πάσχω in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963 “πάσχω”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter G3958 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible Pokorny, Julius (1959) Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), Bern, München: Francke Verlag

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