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URLエンコード(UTF-8) : コピー
-%EC%9A%B0-

数値文字参照(10進数) : コピー
-우-

数値文字参照(16進数) : コピー
-우-

-우-の説明

Korean Etymology From Middle Korean 우〮 (Yale: -Gwú-), from Old Korean 友 (*-(G)wu-), from older <*-kwú->. Pronunciation (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [u]Phonetic hangul: [우] Suffix 우 • (-u-) Derives certain causative verbs, especially for stems ending in ㅣ (i). No longer productive. Synonyms: 이 (-i-), 히 (-hi-), 리 (-ri-), 기 (-gi-), 구 (-gu-), 추 (-chu-) ‎비다 (bida, “to be empty”) + ‎우 (-u-) → ‎비우다 (biuda, “to empty”) ‎지다 (jida, “to bear”) + ‎우 (-u-) → ‎지우다 (jiuda, “to burden”) Usage notes Although still very common in Korean, the causative/passive suffixes are no longer productive for forming new verbs. Verbs that do not already have a morphological causative or passive must employ auxiliaries: 게 하다 (-ge hada) for causatives 어지다 (-eojida) for passives Alternative forms Middle Korean Etymology 1 From Old Korean 乎 (*-wo, modulator suffix). Pronunciation IPA(key): /ú/ Suffix 우〮 (-wú-) A very common verbal suffix in fifteenth-century Middle Korean, sometimes called the "modulator" in English. The meaning of this term is uncertain. Possibilities include: Heo Ung (1958) believed that this was not a single suffix, but three different suffixes: 1) in the main clause, a suffix marking a first-person subject2) in an adnominal verb, a suffix marking the noun as a direct or indirect object of the verb3) in nominalized or gerund verbal constructions, simply an integral part of the nominalizing or gerund suffix (equivalent to English "-ing") The basic framework of Heo's theory remains the most influential today. Examples difficult to explain in Heo's basic theory include: Yi Sung-nyeong (1959) believed that this was a single aspectual suffix, called the "volitive", that conveyed the desire of the verb's subject to carry out the action. This remains a minority theory, Examples difficult to explain in Yi's theory include: Examples clearly incompatible with Heo's theory led Heo himself to propose that the suffix could be used for non-first-person subjects to convey a sense of rapport in which the speaker speaks from the perspective of the verb's subject. A refined version of Heo's hypothesis, moving away from an Indo-European notion of person-marking, analyzes the suffix as conveying empathy or a close emotional tie between the speaker and the subject of the verb (in both main and adnominal clauses) in addition to its object-marking function in adnominal constructions and its integral function in verbal gerunds. It is currently the most popular interpretation of the modulator, though it is still not unanimously agreed upon. Both examples given above of the exceptions to Heo's hypothesis can be explained by this theory: Usage notes By the late sixteenth century, the suffix had become obsolete and does not survive in the modern dialects. Alternative forms 요〮 (-ywó), 유〮 (ywú) – after vowel stem with final -i 로〮 (-lwó) – after copula 이 (i-) Changes the pitch to rising, but the suffix itself is lost (after CV verb stems not ending in a minimal vowel) The suffix is conserved but causes loss of the minimal vowel of the verb stem (after CV verb stems ending in a minimal vowel) Except for ᄒᆞ다〮 (hò-tá, “to do”), which usually irregularly takes the form ᄒᆞ요〮다〮 (hòy-wó-tá), although 호〮다〮 (hwó-tá) is also attested. Derived terms Combined forms: 거 (-ke-, subjective) + 우 (-wu-) > 가 (-ka-) 더 (-te-, imperfect) + 우 (-wu-) > 다 (-ta-) 시 (-si-, subject honorific) + 우 (-wu-) > 샤 (-sya-) See also Etymology 2 Lenition of earlier <*-kwú-> in voiced environments. Pronunciation IPA(key): /(ɣ)ú/ Suffix 우〮 (-(G)wú-) A causative-deriving suffix attached to verb and adjective stems. ‎일〯다〮 (ǐl-tá, “to occur”) + ‎우〮 (-Gwú-) → ‎일우〮다〮 (ìl-Gwú-tá, “to create; to accomplish [to cause to occur]”) ‎퓌〮다〮 (pwúy-tá, “(of a fire) to be kindled”) + ‎우〮 (-Gwú-) → ‎퓌우〮다〮 (pwùy-Gwú-tá, “to kindle”) Alternative forms 후〮 (-hwú), 호〮 (-hwó-), 구〮 (-kwú-), 고〮 (-kwó-) – less common References

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